A simple quantitative model to predict leaf area index in sorghum. Effect of heat and drought stress on sorghum sorghum bicolor. Pdf abstract the impact of chronic inflammatory conditions on immune function is substantial, and the simultaneous application of antiinflammatory. The combined ethanolpotash extract of sorghum bicolor leaf sheath administered to rats resulted in significant p sorghum bicolor leaf sheath have properties that induce the depressant or sedative effect, which may have affected. Sorghum is considered a challenging species for transformation due to the limited choice in genotypes that can be transformed and the reliance on callus derived from immature embryos that need to be teased out of developing seeds. The sheath surrounds and strengthens the stalk culm. Moench sorghum, also known as guinea corn or sweet sorghum, botanically belongs to the family poaceae grass. One of the many leaf forms and colour variations of this species. The report shows that 192 gm is loaded with 632 kcal which offers a calorie rich diet with other minerals and vitamins. The west african sorghum bicolor leaf sheath extract jobelyn. The main importers of sorghum are japan, mexico, the former ussr cis and venezuela. Graphical determination of leaf area index and its relationship with growth and yield parameters of sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Sorghum grains of different cultivars are a rich source of phenolic compounds.
It is especially adapted to grow in dry areas but, being so rich in diversity, it also grows well in temperate and high altitude environments. During this purification ritual a shaman healer, from various caladoum american countries, deliberately burns the right shoulder with a glowing stick from a fireplace. Harnessing genetic variation in leaf angle to increase. Bacterial leaf streak of sorghum a new report from india s s navi 1, r bandyopadhyay 2, k thirumala devi 3, and d v r reddy 4 1. Effects of aqueous extract of sorghum bicolor on hepatic, histological and haematological indices in rats. Sorghum facts, health benefits and nutritional value.
It is a cereal with many uses in the poultry and livestock industries, and also in the food industry, particularly the brewing. Knowing how the sorghum plant develops is important in understanding how to manage the crop. Alvaro bueno iowa state university follow this and additional works at. The critical issue is whether maintaining green leaves under postanthesis drought increases grain yield in staygreen compared with. Evaluation of aqueous methanolic extract of sorghum bicolor leaf. Sorghum bicolor hybrid nk145 plants were grown under controlled environmental conditions in the climate laboratory as described previously 3. Sweet sorghum and the other cultivated species have a chromosome number of n 10 and is primarily selfpollinated with about 2 to 5% crosspollination. The west african sorghum bicolor leaf sheath extract jobelyn and its diverse therapeutic potentials. Moench of which bacterial stripe pseudomonas andropogonis smith stapp, bacterial leaf streak bls xanthomonas campestris pv. A unique characteristic of sorghum leaves is the rows o f motor cells along the midrib on the upper. Two recombinant inbred line populations generated from biparental crosses of btx623.
Grain sorghum, mabele, amazimba, amabele origin and distribution sorghum is the 5th most important grain crop after wheat, maize, rice and barley. Health benefits of sorghum sorghum is an excellent source of riboflavin, vitamin b6, thiamin and minerals such as iron, potassium, manganese and magnesium. Graphical determination of leaf area index and its. Pdf sorghum sorghum bicolor varieties adopt strongly. Grain sorghum, mabele, amazimba, amabele origin and distribution sorghum is the 5th most important grain crop after wheat, maize, rice and. Use of sorghum bicolor leaf whorl explants to expedite. Sorghum, sorghum bicolor, is an annual or perennial grass in the family poaceae grown primarily for its grain. Sorghum, sorghum bicolor is manganese and carbohydrate rich fruit support for antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal and antitumor activity. It is a cheap alternative to maize and requires less water to produce similar. Sorghum diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation. In this document, domesticated sorghum refers to s. Multiple genetic loci that regulate leaf inclination angle were identi.
Simulation of individual leaf areas in grain sorghum. This study examined selected antiinflammatory and immunemodulating properties in vitro of jobelyn, containing the polyphenolrich leaf sheaths from a west african variant of sorghum bicolor. Harvesting for green chop or silage is wellsuited to mechanical harvesting due to bulk and mass involved. Effect of heat and drought stress on sorghum sorghum. Sorghum for silage should be harvested when seeds are in milk to dough stage. Sorghum, sorghum bicolorl moench, is the fifth most important cereal after rice, wheat, maize, and barley. Recently, high levels of leaf dhurrin h the bidirectional reflectivity was then measured from low signals. West african sorghum bicolor leaf sheaths have anti. The west african sorghum bicolor leaf sheath extract jobelyn and its diverse therapeutic potentials volume 2 issue 1 2018 olajuwon okubena,1 samira makanjuola,2 louis c ajonuma, 3 adedoyin dosunmu, 4 solomon umukoro,5 patrick o erah6 1health forever product limited, ikeja, nigeria 2department of pharmacology, lagos state university college. A unique characteristic of sorghum leaves is the rows of motor cells along the midrib.
Bacterial leaf streak of sorghum a new material and. Jul 30, 2019 recently, high levels of leaf dhurrin h the bidirectional reflectivity was then measured from low signals. Freshly isolated primary human polymorphonuclear pmn and mononuclear cell subsets were used to test selected cellular functions in the. It spread to india by 4000 years ago and later to china and to southern africa by about 1500 years ago. Sorghum sorghum bicolor is a warmseason cereal of african origin, which was first cultivated in the region of ethiopia or chad over 5000 years ago. Some sorghum cvs are very productive, yielding more dm than corn. Grain sorghum is treated as an annual in temperate regions, although it is a perennial grass and in the tropics may be harvested many times. Rwc of leaves was measured to determine leaf water.
The factors affecting the somatic embryo formation and regeneration capacity of leaf segments of six genotypes. Cut when grain is in dough stage, and feeding value of fodder is at maximum. The ancestral gene content in these regio a total number of unigenes were identified as being differentially regulated in maritime pine roots during the development of mycorrhiza. Caladium bicolor araceae is a horticulture plant also used by some traditional medicine practitioners in the treatment of diarrhoea and other gastrointestinal. Description sorghum bicolor is an important cereal and a staple crop in africa, where it has been used traditionally by healers for the treatment of anemia and other health conditions. The leaf collar marks the junction of the leaf blade and sheath and appears when the leaf is fully developed. And finally, sorghum bicolor improves mood thanks to vitamin b6, which also produces serotonin in the brain for better mood control.
Interest in the plant typically focuses on the grain, but the leaves have recently been used in combination with three additional plants in the phytomedicine. It is now widely cultivated in dry areas of africa, asia, the americas, europe and australia between latitudes of. Reddyb a department of plant and soil sciences, mississippi state university, box 9555, mississippi state, ms 39762, usa. Genetics investigation harnessing genetic variation in leaf angle to increase productivity of sorghum bicolor sandra k. Effects of water stress ultrastructure leaf cells of sorghum. Recognizing key plant structures understanding crop growth and development begins with knowing its structures and anatomy. Te west african orgum bicolor leaf seat etract jobelyn and its diverse terapeutic potentials 21 copyrigt 2018 kubena et al citation. It constitutes the main food grain for over 750 million people who live in.
We have developed a more practical tissue culture procedure to generate embryogenic callus from leaf whorl explants obtained from 4 weekold seedlings. Mar 11, 20 this study examined selected antiinflammatory and immunemodulating properties in vitro of jobelyn, containing the polyphenolrich leaf sheaths from a west african variant of sorghum bicolor sbls. Sorghum growth and development glasscock county agrilife. Panicle development and leaf appearance volume 29 issue 1 p. Moench breeding for resistance to leaf and stalk anthracnose, colletotrichum sublineolum, and improved yield. Sorghum plants have a leaf area smaller than that of maize. Leaf blades vary from linear to lanceolate, and can be smooth or. The orbitosphenoid is the last chondral bone to appear. Most infestations get started in fields planted to a cultivated variety of sorghum. Common fungal diseases include anthracnose, leaf blight, sorghum downy mildew, zonate leaf spot, rough spot, sorghum rust, charcoal rot, and stalk rotgrain mold. Sorghum is an excellent source of riboflavin, vitamin b6, thiamin and minerals such as iron, potassium, manganese and magnesium.
Moench sorghum is considered the camel of the crops, a true testament to its hardiness and ability to grow in dry, nutrientpoor soils and withstand prolonged droughts. That concludes the health benefits of sorghum bicolor leaf, which makes it wonderful due to the range of advantages it offers to internal health. Aug 16, 2012 this study examined selected antiinflammatory and immunemodulating properties in vitro of jobelyn, containing the polyphenolrich leaf sheaths from a west african variant of sorghum bicolor sbls. Stomatal diffusion resistances weredetermined with a porometer ofthe type described by kanemasuet al. The leaf blades of young leaves are upright but the blades tend to bend downwards as leaves mature. Efficient plant regeneration system from leaf disc segments of s o rghum sorghum bicolor l. Each leaf sheath originates at its own node on the plant stalk. Phytoremediation of strontium contaminated soil by sorghum bicolor l. Pdf somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration in. Drought tolerance in sorghum is a complex trait influenced by many genes coding for.
Within most developing countries, the sorghum crop rarely reaches the market. Review glossiness of leaf blades in sorghum sorghum. The first leaf visible at emergence is the coleoptile leaf. Evaluation of aqueous methanolic extract of sorghum bicolor leaf base for antinociceptive and antiinflammatory activities. The record derives from wcsp data supplied on 20120323 which reports it as an accepted name record 443283 with original publication details. The west african sorghum bicolor leaf sheath extract. International crops research institute for the semiarid tropics icrisat. Plant and biotechnology risk assessment unit plant health science division, canadian food inspection agency ottawa, ontario. The efficacy of jobelyn sorghum bicolor extractin the. Sorghum growth and development thomas gerik, brent bean and richard vanderlip rounded leaf tip. Infestations in iowa have decreased since the 1970s due to introduction of effective herbicides and the decrease in planting of grain. This study examined selected antiinflammatory and immunemodulating properties in vitro of jobelyn, containing the polyphenolrich leaf sheaths from a west african variant of sorghum bicolor sbls. The efficacy of jobelyn sorghum bicolor extractin the treatment of sickle cell anemia.
Retention of green leaf area at maturity glam, known as staygreen, is used as an indicator of postanthesis drought resistance in sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Leaf area estimation, growth analysis, and yield evaluation in grain sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Both sorghum grain and plant biomass leaves and stalks are used as animal feed. A companion document to directive 9408 dir9408, assessment criteria for determining environmental safety of plant with novel traits. Pdf west african sorghum bicolor leaf sheaths have anti. Globally, it produces approximately 70 million tons of grain from about 50 million ha o f land. Sorghum bicolor, a c4 grass species used for the production of grain, forage, and bioenergy. It is a staple cereal crop consumed mainly in the northern, upper east and upper west regions of ghana, west africa. Leaf area estimation, growth analysis, and yield evaluation. Interest in the plant typically focuses on the grain, but the leaves have recently been used in combination with three additional plants in the phytomedicine nicosan, approved in nigeria for the treatment of.
R07020 n 96 were used to examine the genetic basis of leaf inclination angle in sorghum bicolor burow et al. The presence of phytoconstituent, anthocyanin in sorghum leaf sheath extract have been reported to be vasoprotective lietti et al. Moench is a crop indigenous to africa, where it appears to have been domesticated in ethiopia about 5 000 years ago. The word sorghum typically refers to cultivated sorghum sorghum bicolor l. West african sorghum bicolor leaf sheaths have antiinflammatory and immunemodulating properties in vitro.
Sorghum cover crops can also be used as livestock forage in a cropping system magdoff. Growth characteristics also vary depending on the location grown, inputs, and agronomic practices. Couetotrichum grammioolum on midrib and leaf of sorghum, devel oping after clipping the ends of the leaves under a spore suspension. Thus, the objectives of this study were to i develop a simple quantitative model to predict lai in sorghum and ii introduce a new method for the simulation of the leaf area production of expanding leaves. Moench is an accepted name this name is the accepted name of a species in the genus sorghum family poaceae. It is grown for home consumption unless there is a bumper crop, or if cash is needed. The trade in sorghum is small compared with the major grains such as wheat, maize, barley and rice. A simple quantitative model to predict leaf area index in. Sorghum has an erect solid stem with one or more tillers additional shoot that grows subsequent to the parent shoot and curving leaves which are arranged alternately on the stems and are lancelike in shape, measuring 305 cm 1253 in in length. Bacterial leaf streak of sorghum a new material and methods. The genus sorghum belongs to the tribe andropogoneae of the family poaceae.
West african sorghum bicolor leaf sheaths have anti inflammatory and immunemodulating properties in vitro. All samples and measurements were made on the 11th, 12th, or th leaves ofplants havingat least 15 fully matureleaves leaf i. However, all sorghum and sudangrassrelated species have the potential to smother weeds, suppress nematode species, and penetrate compacted subsoil clark, 2007. This work focused on the utilization of dfu to extract, purify, and desalinate polysaccharides from sorghum leaf sheath. Moench green manure in rotations of head salads and baby leaf crops under greenhouse article pdf available in italian journal of agronomy 121. Individuals from these populations were genotyped by sequencing using the restriction enzyme.
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